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How Ethics Influence Behavior in Organizations - 1010 Words

HOW ETHICS INFLUENCE BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATIONS In reality, there are some specific regulations governing our lives. However, regulations do not restrain everything. In some aspects, ethics play a much more important role than regulations. Ethics is â€Å"the code of moral values or principles that governs the behaviors of a person or group with respect to what is right or wrong† (Daft amp; Armstrong, 2012, p.369). Unethical behavior is very common in organizations. When people need to make a decision, unethical behavior may appear, especially when decision choices conflict with one’s self-interests. The Enron Scandal is a very interesting topic to better understand what are some responses organizations may have to unethical behavior.†¦show more content†¦Second, they duped their employees. Thousands of employees invested their savings and pensions in the company’s share market, while executives of Enron were actually selling their shares because they saw the deteriorating performance of Enron. Between 1999 and mid 2000, when Enron shares were increasing on the stock market in New York, 29 members of the company’s management received a total amount of 1.1billion US dollars by selling a total of 77.3 million shares (The Ninth International Conference â€Å"Investments and Economic Recovery†, May 22 – 23, 2009). Lastly, they affect many people who are not part of their company too. Enron was a poor role model because they were a prime example of a company using unethical methods to profit, although they eventually failed. Also, their business model wasn’t one other companies should adopt because of Enron’s unethical behavior. Enron’s failure is not only because its executives’ unethical decision making, but also the problem of its organizational structure. Enron is a vertical structure dominated organization, they have specialized tasks for every employee and department, and their decision making is highly centralized. That leaves the potential opportunity for their executives to make wrongful decision without being found out. Building on an unethical decision, like Enron did, can escalate into a snowball effect. This is because of deferring the problems over and over until it is notShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The New Employees964 Words   |  4 PagesThe role of the leaders is to influence their followers by demonstrating to them the behaviors and the boundaries that are set within the organization. Some of the appropriate and desired behaviors are nurtured through the company’s culture and socialization process of the new employees (Francesca, 2016). The new employees learn a lot of thing about the organization through watching their leaders in action. Therefore, when the leaders have failed to â€Å"walk the talk,† also, their juniors are likelyRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology And Concepts Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts There are many important factors that are involved and contribute to organizations survival and success. Organizational behavior, culture, diversity, communication, business ethics and change management are some of the key concepts which are essential as I list and explain below with some examples from past experiences. Organizational Behavior Studying the psychological and sociological behaviors of single and groups of individuals in organizations is aRead MoreBusiness Ethics, Leadership, And Business Relationships972 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Ethics Samuel .A. 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Predictors Of Malaria Parasite Prevalence Health Essay Free Essays

Recent advancement in malaria control such as increased handiness and coverage of several intercessions, including insecticide-treated bed cyberspaces ( ITNs ) , effectual instance direction with Artemisinin-based combination therapy, indoor residuary crop-dusting of families, and intermittent preventative intervention IPT for pregnant adult females, is thought to hold reduced disease load. Targets have been set by the United Nations, the World Health Organization ( WHO ) and the Roll Back Malaria Partnership to increase coverage of control steps, cut down the figure of malaria instances and deceases by 75 % or more by 2015, and extinguish malaria in several states ( 2,4 ) . With expanded malaria control plans, several states in Africa have documented big and sustained lessenings in the load of disease ( 2 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Predictors Of Malaria Parasite Prevalence Health Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In parts that have achieved low degrees of transmittal, farther malaria control and riddance will necessitate that intercessions are non merely incorporated into national control plans and accepted and used by persons, but that symptomatic- and asymptomatic-infected individuals, particularly under 5 kids be identified and treated. Zambia is one of 11 states in sub-Saharan Africa that achieved a greater than 50 % decrease in the figure of malaria instances between 2000 and 2009 ( 2 ) . The prevalence of parasitemia in kids younger than five old ages of age decreased by 53 % between the malaria index studies in 2006 and 2008, except for Northern Province which is still demoing high malaria parasitaemia figures in under 5s of ( 6 ) . Among kids who are feverish, the proportion with the malaria parasites in their blood may transcend 50 % ( 1 ) while family studies among seemingly healthy kids have reported parasitemia degrees of between 10- 30 % ( 7 ) .This has deduction for diagnosing and instance direction, as undue trust on febrility and organic structure temperature lift as opposed to parasitaemia may overlook many instances of malaria which can do desperate wellness effects for the kid ( 9 ) .Apparently healthy kids in malaria endemic parts may harbour the parasite in their blood and these kids may still endure the long term sequalae of the disease such as cognitive damage and acrobatics ( 8 ) ( 9 ) . In add-on to its utility as grounds base for intervention, finding malaria parasitemia in under 5s is besides a step of malaria endemicity ( 10 ) . For these grounds it is of import to find the degree of parasitemia in any vicinity. In Zambia, malaria parasitaemia in kids under five fell from 22 % in 2006 to 10 % in 2008, but so increased once more to 17 % in 2010. The prevalence of terrible anaemia ( Hb A ; lt ; 8g/dl ) in kids under five declined from 14 % ( 2006 ) to 4.3 % ( 2008 ) , but so up swinged once more to 9.2 % ( 2010 ) . The account for this upswing in malaria prevalence and anaemia is non clear ( Zambia National Malaria Indictor Survey 2010 ) . Furthermore, Mpika territory in Northern Province has a revealing image, showed a drastic addition from 12 % 2008 to 23.6 % 2010 in prevalence of malaria parasitaemia in kids under five ( 5 ) The load of malaria differs among different sections of the community. For case the frequence of febrility episodes and the prevalence of parasitemia vary between rural and urban countries ( 8 ) .This has been related to differences in community patterns. Whereas in urban centres, episodes of febrility are likely to be reported to public wellness Centres for intervention, in rural countries interventions are started with traditional redresss at place and wellness centres are merely consulted when the traditional redresss fail ( 9, 10 ) .Also poorness is an of import factor in malaria and the rural hapless are more likely to be nescient of preventative steps, less likely to entree prompt intervention and their kids are more likely to be ill nourished. In add-on, engendering sites for the mosquito vector are more abundant in the rural countries increasing the strength of transmittal ( 11 ) . The possible part of KAP surveies to malaria research and control has non received much attending in most Southern African states ( 12 ) . In Northern Province of Zambia, this is the first survey that will transport out to supply baseline informations about malaria related cognition, attitude and patterns among primary health professionals. Although many surveies in Tanzania and other African states have linked socio-economic and behavioural factors, community cognition, attitudes and patterns with malaria ( 13-19 ) , fewer surveies have been able to set up such a nexus between these factors and malaria epidemics. An apprehension of cognition, attitudes and patterns among primary health professionals and designation of the chief factors that influences malaria intervention and protective behaviors during epidemics is hence of import in the design and execution of appropriate malaria epidemic control schemes. Despite good cognition about malaria transmittal, marks and symptoms, interv ention and control in some surveies, this survey purpose to uncover grounds of cognition spreads about malaria by some primary health professionals in rural Mpika. A KAP survey done in Tanzania, some respondents reported that malaria is transmitted through imbibing contaminated/unboiled H2O, remaining in the Sun and working in rain. It is really surprising that in this survey and others in malaria endemic states, a important proportion of respondents associated malaria with imbibing contaminated H2O or other wrong causes. An even higher per centum of respondents gave the same responses in a survey conducted in Uganda ( 20 ) and in another similar survey in Zimbabwe ( 18 ) . Similar responses were besides reported in rural countries of West Africa ( 21-22 ) . Further, in line with two surveies in West Africa ( 20-22 ) , there was besides a failure by most respondents in Muleba territory to tie in anemia and icterus with malaria which in bend could take to failure to acknowledge malar ia instances and hence failure to seek appropriate wellness attention. With respects to steps to forestall malaria, there were perceptual experiences that ITNs are harmful to the wellness of users and more peculiarly to pregnant female parents ( 22 ) . Evidence of cognition spreads on malaria has been reported by other surveies. Winch and his co-workers found that people in Bagamoyo territory in Tanzania failed to tie in terrible malaria ( paroxysms ) in kids, terrible anemia and malaria in gestation with malaria which in bend lead to people ‘s failure to admit the full load and therefore public wellness importance of the disease in the country ( 24 ) . The cognition spreads revealed in this survey hence indicates that some people might hold opted for unsound steps of malaria control and protection and therefore contributed to the increased figure of malaria instances observed during the epidemic. In decision, these findings show that in order to accomplish the needed degrees of acceptance of malaria control measures, more accent should be placed on planing and execution of effectual wellness instruction intercessions that will turn to cognition spreads on malaria among communities and finally among primary health professionals of kids under 5 old ages of age. 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Master in Public Health for Policy Development- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMaster in Public Health for Policy Development. Answer: Introduction Public health is about the encompassing of multiple disciplines of healthcare such as anthropology, biology, medicine, education and public health (Lawlor et al., 2015). I feel that the leadership in the public health activities is important for achieving the success of the program. I feel that the effective leadership in this domain would lead to an improvement in the communitys outcomes through increased education, more disease prevention and enhancement of the current policy development. The public health needs good leadership so that there is overall improvement of the health care delivery system. Discussion Leadership issues in public healthcare The leadership is important for implementing as well as sustaining the different levels of public health programs (Bowling, 2014). The leaders are the people with great vision and they have a different status quo (Stanhope Lancaster, 2015). The leaders are grounded with varying levels of values and they have different levels of implementing them. I wonder that public health practice would be incomplete without effective leadership. I have observed that the basic challenge of public health lies in the prevention and equity of health services. There is issue with the vaccine availability, in which there is need for adequate leadership skills (Betancourt et al., 2016). I have seen that there are leadership issues in the smallpox vaccination and there are issues with the availability of heath for all. This has led me to think about the leadership issues in public health and how it can be solved. Relevance of leadership in public health practice There are issues with the effective use of the public health information, which is one of the duties of the public health leader. The leadership is needed in the areas of serious infection, Ebola virus, HIV and others (Aarons et al., 2014). I feel that the leadership issue is vital to the smooth functioning of the public health practice. I feel that the leaders are responsible for communicating the changing perception of public health to the society. It is important to use the health care delivery system for the prevention of diseases and this task should be done by the health care worker (World Health Organization 2015). The public health managers should display adequate leadership skills so that they can improve the public health awareness and public health research (Brownson et al., 2017). I have witnessed the fact that the leadership is not adequate as it doesnt fulfill the challenges of changed health care scenario. I have seen that the public health leaders do not take adequate research on the health care activities and hence there have been global issues in the public health domain. Reflection on the implications of leadership in public health The leadership is important in the areas of public health since it is important to change the public perceptions of the population concerning the various health issues. I feel that an inadequate public health leadership would not help in reducing the disease burden of the community. I feel that the leadership loopholes would prevent in enhancing the health standards of the entire population and there would be lack of medical facilities in especially rural areas. I have noticed the fact that the public health managers are in the need of constant upheaval. The leaders are responsible for heath reforms in the near future but if there is improper leadership, then there would be issues with the reform of the public health scenario. My opinions are that the public health leadership is important in future as this would lead to higher systematic as well as technical situation of the public health. I feel that it is not only important to improve the range of managerial and technical acumen so that the leaders can display accurate organizational expertise. Conclusion Ifeel that the public health leadership is in a rudimentary stage with the need of in-depth requirement of the creation of leadership competency framework. The leadership is concerned with the shared vision, and the act of motivating others. I have understood the fact that it is important to enhance the public health leadership so that the public health goals are fulfilled. Challenges faced during the evaluation of public health programs Introduction The effective evaluation of the public health programs is responsible for improvement of the overall framework of public health in the countries (Drummond et al., 2015). The objective of the public health programs is to control the outbreak of diseases and reduce the instances of disability, injury and even death. I felt that the program evaluation is important for increasing the impact of the public health outcomes. However, I have observed that there are several challenges that are faced by the practitioners, which prevent the actual evaluation of the public health program. Discussion Evaluation issues in public health programs The public health evaluation program is aimed at the demonstration of the accountability to a wide variety of stakeholders, who would include policymakers, local agencies, community leaders and others that would implement the concerned programs (Cummins et al., 2016). The lack of program evaluation would not help in the reduction of mortality and morbidity. It would also be unknown if the money spent for program evaluation is being done effectively (Royse, Thyer Padgett, 2015). However, there is often lack of tools for checking of the health care programs. I have found that there are several challenges when it comes to measuring the outcomes of the healthcare programs. It is difficult to measure the project outcomes like the modifications in the community norms. There are also challenges concerning the measurement regarding the prevention of the health care program (Loeppke et al., 2015). The ultimate outcome of the programs may not be known and hence it may be an issue for evaluati on of the health programs. The public health program has multifactorial nature, which implies that the public health issue has multiple contributing factors such as environmental determinants, economic drivers, genetic influences and others (Grembowski, 2015). I have learnt the fact the public health programs has may stakeholders and they have different perspectives which make them to view the public health programs in a different manner. Relevance of evaluation in public health programs The evaluation of the public health programs is important to know if the program has met its desired objectives or not. The public health programs need to be implemented well and hence it is important to evaluate them on a regular basis (Wilkinson et al., 2016). The program effectiveness is a serious concern and I feel that evaluation is one of the most important mediums to do so. I feel that there are several issues while the cost effectiveness of the public health programs are difficult to manage. There are instances when the financial records of the health programs are difficult to find and hence they are difficult to evaluate. The value of the public health programs would be measured in terms of cost efficiency and hence it is important to monitor them on a regular basis. Reflection on the implications of evaluation issues in public health The lack of evaluation of the public health programs would prevent the program to reach its desired objectives. I have felt that in the absence of adequate evaluation tools, the public health care facility of the rural population would not going to improve. I strongly feel that the public health programs should be strongly customized to be implemented in the rural scenario. I have also felt that the public health programs would be useless in the long run, if there is no evaluation measures in the long run. There would be loss of the financial resources, if the concerned public health program is not evaluated well. Conclusion The public health programs should be evaluated on a regular basis so that the program meets its pre determined objectives. The evaluation criteria are important so that the health program stays on track and it has smooth execution. I have decided that I would devise suitable tools so that I am able to evaluate the health care programs. This would enhance the evaluation patterns of the health care program. References Aarons, G. A., Ehrhart, M. G., Farahnak, L. R., Sklar, M. (2014). Aligning leadership across systems and organizations to develop a strategic climate for evidence-based practice implementation.Annual Review of Public Health,35. Betancourt, J. R., Green, A. R., Carrillo, J. E., Owusu Ananeh-Firempong, I. I. (2016). Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care.Public health reports. Bowling, A. (2014).Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Brownson, R. C., Baker, E. A., Deshpande, A. D., Gillespie, K. N. (2017).Evidence-based public health. Oxford University Press. Cummins, S., Ogilvie, D., White, M., Petticrew, M., Jones, A., Goodwin, D., ... Mapp, F. (2016). National Evaluation of the Healthy Communities Challenge Fund: The Healthy Towns Programme in England. Drummond, M. F., Sculpher, M. J., Claxton, K., Stoddart, G. L., Torrance, G. W. (2015).Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford university press. Grembowski, D. (2015).The practice of health program evaluation. Sage Publications. Lawlor, E. F., Kreuter, M. W., Sebert-Kuhlmann, A. K., McBride, T. D. (2015). Methodological innovations in public health education: transdisciplinary problem solving.American journal of public health,105(S1), S99-S103. Loeppke, R. R., Hohn, T., Baase, C., Bunn, W. B., Burton, W. N., Eisenberg, B. S., ... Hymel, P. A. (2015). Integrating health and safety in the workplace: how closely aligning health and safety strategies can yield measurable benefits.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine,57(5), 585-597. Royse, D., Thyer, B. A., Padgett, D. K. (2015).Program evaluation: An introduction to an evidence-based approach. Cengage Learning. Stanhope, M., Lancaster, J. (2015).Public Health Nursing-E-Book: Population-Centered Health Care in the Community. Elsevier Health Sciences. Wilkinson, G. W., Mason, T., Hirsch, G., Calista, J. L., Holt, L., Toledo, J., Zotter, J. (2016). Community health worker integration in health care, public health, and policy: a partnership model.The Journal of ambulatory care management,39(1), 2-11. World Health Organization. (2015).Health Worker Role in Providing Safe Abortion Care and Post Abortion Contraception. World Health Organization. Bibliography Albritton, E., Edmunds, M., Thomas, V., Petersen, D., Ferry, G., Brach, C., Bergofsky, L. (2014). Engaging Stakeholders to Improve the Quality of Childrens Health Care.Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, July. Brownson, R. C., Baker, E. A., Deshpande, A. D., Gillespie, K. N. (2017).Evidence-based public health. Oxford University Press. Issel, L. M., Wells, R. (2017).Health program planning and evaluation. Jones Bartlett Learning. Kindig, D. A., Isham, G. (2014). Population health improvement: A community health business model that engages partners in all sectors.Frontiers of health services management,30(4), 3-20. Shickle, D., Day, M., Smith, K., Zakariasen, K., Moskol, J., Oliver, T. (2014). Mind the public health leadership gap: the opportunities and challenges of engaging high-profile individuals in the public health agenda.Journal of Public Health,36(4), 562-567. Spiegelman, D. (2016). Evaluating public health interventions: 2. Stepping up to routine public health evaluation with the stepped wedge design.American journal of public health,106(3), 453-457. Vedung, E. (2017).Public policy and program evaluation. Routledge.