Word Clipping

Word Clipping Word Clipping Word Clipping By Maeve Maddox Abbreviated types of words like rhinoceros (rhino), synchronization (sync), and limousine (limo), normal in discussion and casual composition, are typically utilized completely in formal settings. These abbreviated words are called clippings. Here and there a section drives out its more extended unique and turns into a standard word in its own right. Some standard English words that started as clippings seem to be: taxi: a shortening of Taximeter, a gadget for estimating separation and calculating the toll. taxi: a shortening of cabriolet, a light two-wheeled chaise drawn by one pony. Later the word was applied to a mechanized vehicle. Note: The word taxi consolidates two clippings. lunch: a shortening of lunch get-together, a word recorded from 1580. In spite of the fact that lunch is reported as right on time as 1829, it was as yet viewed as disgusting a century later. Lunch get-together is still near, however it has procured something of a valuable implication. transport: a shortening of omnibus. Old style Latin omnibus methods â€Å"for all.† As a term for an open transportation vehicle, omnibus was obtained from French. The wealthier classes had appreciated the administrations of carriages for enlist as right on time as the seventeenth century. The omnibus offered modest open transportation to the majority. plane: a shortening of plane/plane. Words are cut from front, back, or the two closures. Back section Most clippings keep the forward portion of the word, dropping the rest of the syllables: chimpanzee > chimp synchronize > sync assessment > test gas > gas notice > reminder A few clippings change the spelling of the primary syllable so as to keep the ideal articulation. For instance, the shortening of business is spelled business in light of the fact that cut off from business, the syllable transport is articulated like the word for the vehicle. The abbreviated structure mike for receiver has been in the language since 1911. Starting during the 1960s, the utilization of the shortening â€Å"mic† on electronic gadgets started to be mistaken for the word mike. As a contraction under a sound port, â€Å"mic† is a helpful space-saver. It flops as a spelling, be that as it may, in light of the fact that mic rhymes with Bic. Fore-cutting A few shortenings drop the start of the word: robot > bot parachute > chute cockroach > bug phone > telephone Center Clipping In center cut-out the center of the word is held: cooler > ice chest flu > influenza nightgown > jammies The truth will surface eventually which of the current abbreviated words so well known in web based life will adhere to the language. Here are some semantic terms identified with word arrangement by cutting: apocope [uh-POK-uh-pee]: The cutting off or exclusion of the last letter or syllable/s of a word: pic from picture, vocab from jargon. apheresis [a-fuh-REE-sis]: exclusion of at least one sounds or letters from the earliest starting point of a word: possum from opossum. syncope [SEENK-uh-pee]: constriction of a word by exclusion of at least one syllables or letters in the center, as ma’m from madam, specs from scenes, and fo’c’sle for forecastle. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:Has versus HadIn Search of a 4-Dot EllipsisCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

Sparate Peace

In the novel Separate Peace, John Knowles utilizes both positive and negative scenes all through the novel. John Knowles does this to show how the setting can influence the characters and the occasions that are being taken all through the novel. Knowles presents immediately that there are two major scenes, the mid year meeting and the winter meeting, both assuming huge jobs in the story’s plot and theme.The summer meeting would speak to harmony and the winter meeting would speak to the misery welcomed on by World War II, the move between them plainly affirms that Knowles expected to show how totally and suddenly the war surpassed the harmony at the late spring meeting. Knowles utilizes the mid year meeting setting to represent peace.Knowles utilizes the positive setting portrayed in this statement to uncover the significance of the setting: â€Å"They (elms) excessively appeared to be perpetual and failing to change, an immaculate, inaccessible world high in space, similar to the decorative towers and towers of an incredible church, too high to even think about being delighted in, unreasonably high for anything, extraordinary and remote and never useful†. Knowles portrays the setting like this to make a tranquil picture speaking to the mid year meeting as a period of peace.This additionally carries a distinctively serene picture to mind further associating the ideas of summer and harmony together which is later vanquished by the war components of winter. Knowles utilizes the winter meeting setting to represent the pain of the war. Knowles utilizes this as the negative setting in the novel. In this statement, he depicts the significance of the setting: â€Å"Not long a short time later, early in any event, for New Hampshire, snow came†¦They assembled there, thicker continuously, as quiet trespassers vanquishing on the grounds that they collected so gently.I watched them spin by my window-don’t pay attention to this, the fun loving way they fell appeared to infer, this little show, this innocuous trick†. Knowles utilizes words, for example, trespassers and vanquishing to interface this picture to the combat area. This shows Knowles’ components of the war and how it overwhelmed the harmony present and the Devon School. Knowles additionally composes that these components of winter vanquished the life of nature which had recently been an image of summer.This reinforces his goal of featuring how the war component of winter assumed control over the tranquility of summer. The change between the past positive setting of summer and the negative setting of winter speaks with the impact the war had on the harmony at the Devon School. The time that Finny and Gene spend at the sea shore speaks to the pinnacle of the late spring. Notwithstanding, overnight it is trailed by this depiction of the sea: â€Å"The Ocean looked dead as well, dead waves murmuring stringently along the sea shore, which was dim and dead l ooking itself†.Here Knowles utilizes words, for example, â€Å"dead†, â€Å"hissing†, and â€Å"grey†, which have a negative importance, to make a ground-breaking negative setting scene in the novel. This causes a surprising differentiation among negative and positive settings. This puncturing contrast between the sea shore and a â€Å"dead† sea, which meets the sea shore at the shore with the murmuring of dead waves, hints the sharp differentiation between the tranquility of summer and the trouble of winter that meets the late spring of Finny’s fall.This occasion is the representative fall of harmony to the pain of war. Knowles concretes this reality with expressing the setting of the circumstance not long before his fall, guaranteeing that â€Å"From behind us the keep going long beams of light played over the grounds, complementing each slight undulation of the land, underscoring the separateness of each bush†. The keep going long b eams of light show the finish of summer in light of the fact that the finish of the long days denotes the start of harvest time season because of sunlight investment funds time.Since the late spring meeting speaks to harmony and the winter meeting speaks to trouble, this shows Finny’s tumble from the tree denotes the fall of harmony to trouble. John Knowles utilization of setting scenes fortifies his thought in the novel of the harmony at Devon school being overwhelmed by the components of World War II. This is finished by the expansion of positive settings of summer which speak to the harmony at the school; and winter, which speaks to the intrusion of the war and the puncturing contrast between these two sorts of settings at specific scenes all through the novel.

Write Your College Essay in 10 Days. Take the Challenge.

Write Your College Essay in 10 Days. Take the Challenge. You Can Write Your College Essay in 10 Days. Take the Challenge. You Can Write Your College Essay in 10 Days. Take the Challenge. With early decision deadlines inching ever closer, the rush to get those college essays written is real. But fear not, dear applicants! Our Uncommon Essay Approach, will help you can craft  winning essays in just 20 minutes a day for 10 days! (Or condense the process and get it done in even less time!) Just follow these easy steps: 1. Find your essay’s purpose. The essay plays a different role than your grades or test scores. It is your one opportunity to speak to admissions in your own voice â€" and to jolt them awake from their application-reading-induced slumber. What do you want your essay to tell admissions that they couldn’t learn anywhere else on your application? How will you grab and hold their attention? 2. Review the Common App Prompts. Even if you have other essays to write for your early decision or early action school of choice, the Common App essay is the place to start. Read through this year’s prompts and wrap your brain around what the questions are really asking. Then, hide them away and don’t look at them again until you have written a draft. At the end of the day what is most important is the story you want to tell. You can almost always back into one of the Common App prompts once you have honed your topic to perfection. 3. Brainstorm your topic. Stop waiting for divine inspiration. Go out into the world and look for clues. Whether you create lists, take notes on your daily habits, or call up your grandma for ideas, devoting time to brainstorming is the only sure way to uncover your magic topic. 4. Freewrite your heart out. Once you have brainstormed your way to a magic topic, set aside some time (perhaps three different times throughout the day) to freewrite on what that subject means to you. Get your first thoughts on the page in full and without judgment. Dig for details. You’ll never know what’s inside your brain until you allow it to come out on the page. 5. Sculpt your story. Review your freewrites and you’ll probably start to notice patterns. What particular moment or individual sticks out in all of your notes? Is there a word or image that seems significant? Use these clues to organize your story into a preliminary outline. We bet you can even pull complete sentences and paragraphs from your freewrites into your first draft. 6. Edit, edit, edit. How can you make sure that first draft is transformed into a mind-blowingly memorable essay? Read it over at least three times. Edit for story. Then edit for clarity at the sentence level. Finally, edit for grammar. 7. Organize those supplements. Most supplemental essays fall into one of a few classic categories, so organization is key. If you are applying early to just one school, make sure you do your research thoroughly so you can fill your essay with relevant details. If you are applying to more than one school, group similar assignments together and work on those essays from longest to shortest. 8. Manage your writer’s block. We know you know that feeling. Your mind is fuzzy. You’re not really feeling like yourself. Every time you sit down in front of the computer your head hurts and your fingers cramp. You can cure this horrible feeling with a few small mental changes. For starters, lower your standards. Not like, forever. Just for the beginning of the process. You will raise your expectations of yourself later as you refine and polish. When you start, quality is not the issue. The issue is that you turn that scary blank page into one filled with ideas. 9. Refer to example essays in moderation. Poring over dozens of sample college admissions essays immediately before sitting down to write your own can be a debilitating exercise because you may feel compelled to compare your earliest ideas to these final, polished essays. That doesn’t seem fair! That said, we do think that it can sometimes be helpful to read through a few (just a few) to help direct your brain towards the style of the personal narrative. 10. Call for help! After all of your hard work, if you are still wondering if your topic is worth its weight in hamburgers; if you’re not sure whether your story structure is strong enough to support your big idea; even if you’re just wondering whether or not your overall story will create enough fireworks to hold the attention of an admissions advisor for your allotted two minutes of admissions essay fame, CALL US! Or email us: info@collegeessayadvisors.com. We will personally extract the winning ideas from your noggin with our magic powers (of conversation). About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth » Want a step-by-step guide? Take the 10-step course. WATCH ACADEMY CHAPTER 1 FOR FREE »

The Theories Of Punishment Article - 1571 Words

In The Theories of Punishment article in the legal dictionary, it goes over the different theories that the government has on the use of punishment. In the utilitarian philosophy laws are meant to increase the happiness of society by eliminating crime. They realize that the possibility of a crime-free world is non-existent, so minimizing the rate of crime is the only solution to a happy life for the citizens. â€Å"†¦laws that specify punishment for criminal conduct should be designed to deter future criminal conduct,† (Theories of Punishment). There is no extent to the force of punishment; punishment should never be limited if crime is to be at a minimum. In the utilitarian philosophy, punishment is meant to deter crimes from happening again in†¦show more content†¦Another form of punishment is rehabilitation. Rehabilitation gives the criminals that are locked away a chance to succeed in jail or prison. â€Å"The goal of rehabilitation is to prevent future crim e by giving offenders the ability to succeed within the confines of the law,† (Theories of Punishment). Another base of punishment is through retribution. A criminal based on their past crimes will be punished accordingly for their criminal history and the severity of their crimes. The third major rationale for criminal punishment is denunciation. The denunciation theory is a mix between utilitarianism and retribution. It is utilitarian in the way that it makes their punishment public with the deterrent and retribution plays a part when the criminal is being punished. The article Sentencing Guidelines: Reflections on the Future discusses sentencing policies. The guidelines for sentencing varies with the policy. Guidelines, initially, were meant to keep defendants from being mistreated with their sentencing compared to similar criminal acts as well as discretion or lack of uniform. As time went by it was used as a way to predict sentencing. Now in many states computer based machines can calculate the dollar amount that will or can be used in order to meet the states sentencing policies. â€Å"In some States, this use of guidelines led in turn to the realization that they could be used to shape sentencing policy to fit resource levels that had

Biography on Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary - 1369 Words

April 21, 1926 at 2:40 in the morning at 17 Bruton Street in Mayfair, London; The Duke and Duchess of York gave birth to their first child, a daughter, but also a princess. Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary was christened in the chapel at the Buckingham Palace. The Princess received her first name after her mother Elizabeth; while she received her middle name from her paternal great grandmother, Queen Alexandra, and paternal grandmother, Queen Mary. She spent her early years at One Hundred Forty Five Piccadilly, London, and White Lodge in the Richmond Park. She also spent time in country homes with her paternal grandparents, and her mother’s parents. She had gained a sister when she was four, Princess Margaret Rose. When Princess Elizabeth was 6 years old, her parents took over the Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park as their own country home. (â€Å"The Official Website of The British Monarchy†) Queen Elizabeth was home schooled with her younger sister, Princess Margaret. After her father had succeeded to the throne, she started studying constitutional history and law for preparation for her future role as queen. ( â€Å"The Official Site of the British Monarchy†) She also learned French to use when speaking to ambassadors and heads of state of French speaking countries, and when visiting French speaking areas. The Queen also studied extracurricular activities such as art and music. She also learned to ride and became a strong swimmer, when she was thirteen she won theShow MoreRelated The Legacy of Queen of Elizabeth II Essay888 Words   |  4 Pagesbible† (Bradford 4). At the young age of twenty five, Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary became Queen. The Queen is now the second-longest reigning Monarch in England, reigning for fifty nine years thus far. From the day of her coronation until present time, her daily actions have reflected on the entire country and Commonwealth. Her impact is very significant; she holds real and r eserved powers for the entire Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth was born on April 21, 1926 in London. Queen Elizabeth’sRead MoreWoman of the Year: 1953-Queen Elizabeth Ii1009 Words   |  5 PagesWoman of the Year: 1953-Queen Elizabeth II From the day she was born, the life of Queen Elizabeth II shows that she deserved to receive the title Woman of the Year. She had practical intelligence since she was a kid and she respected peoples opinions. Queen Elizabeth II was born on April 21, 1926 at the London home of her mothers parents, Lord and Lady Strathmore. She was baptized at Buckingham Palace and named Elizabeth Alexandra Mary five weeks later. Elizabeths father was AlbertRead MoreQueen Elizabeth II: A Biography3515 Words   |  14 PagesQueen Elizabeth II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Queen Elizabeth II might be one of the most influential monarchs living today in this era of the democratic states. With her rule over the Commonwealth Nations lasting for over fifty years, the Queen has been very much popular with the public, not just in Great Britain or amongst the Commonwealth Nations, but also amongst all the nations of the world. The Queens life might have only begun as the first child to the Duke and Duchess of York, but instantly sheRead MoreThe Life of Queen Elizabeth Ii1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life of Queen Elizabeth II Queen Elizabeth II was born Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary on April 21, 1926 in London (â€Å"Queen Elizabeth II†). Her father was Prince Albert, Duke of York, and her mother was Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. Elizabeth was never meant to become queen (Smith 6). From the very start, her life never developed the way it should have. The leadership she shows her, faithfulness, and her compassion tells her people she cares. The life of Queen Elizabeth II isa true journey of an

The Insanity Defense Free Essays

Norval Morris and Stephen Morse offer two contrasting views as to the legitimacy of the insanity defense in criminal cases. Morris advocates reducing the weight of the insanity defense from one of special exemption to one of â€Å"diminished responsibility†. Morse offers a defense of the insanity defense as it currently stands. We will write a custom essay sample on The Insanity Defense or any similar topic only for you Order Now The point on which the issue turns is choice. Do the mentally ill have the capacity to understand the law and to intentionally break it? Or does mental illness preclude the possibility of responsibility for one’s actions?Morris argues that freedom of choice exists on a continuum, and that to treat the mentally ill in black and white terms with regard to responsibility is folly. He goes on to argue that other mitigating circumstances, such as socioeconomic status, seem to have a greater causal link to criminal behavior. He concludes that mental illness should be a mitigating circumstance that can be used in reduced sentencing, rather than a special exemption from the law. Morse argues using the basic moral principles called upon to justify the insanity defense, namely a lack of cognitive capacity, which precludes the possibility of responsibility.While Morris raises some good objections to the insanity defense, I am still more inclined to agree with Morse. I agree that in some circumstances, let’s say a patient with a mood disorder, it makes sense to treat the mentally ill as having diminished responsibility. However, to say freedom of choice exists only on some continuum and that no one is ever completely irresponsible for his or her actions seems to me to deny such cases as someone experiencing a fugue state or complete psychotic break. An objection that could be raised (and which Morris does raise) to my viewpoint is one of procedure.Cases in which a criminal act was committed by someone who was not at all responsible for their actions are rare, and opening the door to insanity as a special defense inevitably results in other criminal offenders going unpunished by pretending to mental illness. While this is a legitimate objection that deserves to be addressed, it must be treated as a problem of application rather than one of principle. In any case, I would much prefer to live under a legal system in which some criminals go free than one in which some people who lack the cognitive capacity to commit a crime are punished as if they did. How to cite The Insanity Defense, Papers

Macbeth Quotes from William Shakespeares Famous Tragedy

'Macbeth' Quotes from William Shakespeare's Famous Tragedy Macbeth is one of William Shakespeares great tragedies. Theres murder, battles, supernatural portents, and all the other elements of a well-worked drama. Here are a few quotes from Macbeth. First Witch: When shall we three meet againIn thunder, lightning, or in rain?Second Witch: When the hurlyburlys done,When the battles lost and won.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.1Fair is foul, and foul is fair.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.1What bloody man is that?- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.2Sleep shall neither night nor dayHang upon his pent-house lid.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.3Shall he dwindle, peak, and pine.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.3The weird sisters, hand in hand,Posters of the sea and land,Thus do go about, about.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.3What are theseSo witherd and so wild in their attire,That look not like the inhabitants o the earth,And yet are on t?- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.3If you can look into the seeds of time,And say which grain will grow and which will not.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.3Stands not within the prospect of belief.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.3Say, from whenceYou owe this strange intelligence? or wh yUpon this blasted heath you stop our wayWith such prophetic greeting?- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.3 Or have we eaten on the insane rootThat takes the reason prisoner?- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.3What! can the devil speak true?- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1. 3Two truths are told,As happy prologues to the swelling actOf the imperial theme.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.3Present fearsAre less than horrible imaginings.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.3Nothing isBut what is not.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.3If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.3Come what come may,Time and the hour runs through the roughest day.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.3Nothing in his lifeBecame him like the leaving it; he diedAs one that had been studied in his deathTo throw away the dearest thing he owed,As t were a careless trifle.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.4Theres no artTo find the minds construction in the face.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.4More is thy due than more than all can pay.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.4 Yet do I fear thy nature;It is too full o the milk of human kindness.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.5What thou wouldst highly,That wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false,And yet wouldst wrongly win.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.5Come, you spiritsThat tend on mortal thoughts! unsex me here,And fill me from the crown to the toe top fullOf direst cruelty; make thick my blood,Stop up the access and passage to remorse,That no compunctious visitings of natureShake my fell purpose.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.5Come to my womans breasts,And take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.5Come, thick night,And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,That my keen knife see not the wound it makes,Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark,To cry, Hold, hold!- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.5Your face, my thane, is as a book where menMay read strange matters. To beguile the time,Look like the time; bear welcome in your eye,Your hand, your t ongue: look like the innocent flower,But be the serpent under t.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.5 This castle hath a pleasant seat; the airNimbly and sweetly recommends itselfUnto our gentle senses.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.6The heavens breathSmells wooingly here: no jutty, frieze,Buttress, nor coign of vantage, but this birdHath made his pendent bed and procreant cradle:Where they most breed and haunt, I have observed,The air is delicate.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.6If it were done when tis done, then twere wellIt were done quickly: if the assassinationCould trammel up the consequence, and catchWith his surcease success; that but this blowMight be the be-all and the end-all here,But here, upon this bank and shoal of time,Wed jump the life to come. But in these casesWe still have judgment here; that we but teachBloody instructions, which being taught, returnTo plague the inventor: this even-handed justiceCommends the ingredients of our poisoned chaliceTo our own lips.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.7Besides, this DuncanHath borne his faculties so meek, hath beenSo clear in his great office, that his virtuesWill plead like angels, trumpet-tongued, againstThe deep damnation of his taking-off;And pity, like a naked new-born babe,Striding the blast, or heavens cherubim, horsedUpon the sightless couriers of the air,Shall blow the horrid deed in every eye,That tears shall drown the wind. I have no spurTo prick the sides of my intent, but onlyVaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself,And falls on the other.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.7 I have boughtGolden opinions from all sorts of people.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.7Was the hope drunk,Wherein you dressd yourself? hath it slept since,And wakes it now, to look so green and paleAt what it did so freely? From this timeSuch I account thy love.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.7Letting I dare not wait upon I would,Like the poor cat i the adage.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.7I dare do all that may become a man;Who dares do more is none.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.7I have given suck, and knowHow tender tis to love the babe that milks me:I would, while it was smiling in my face,Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums,And dashd the brains out, had I so sworn as youHave done to this.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.7Screw your courage to the sticking-place,And well not fail.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.7Bring forth men-children only;For thy undaunted mettle should composeNothing but males.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.7 Here are more quotes from Macbeth. 38. False face must hide what the false heart doth know.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1.7 39. Theres husbandry in heaven;Their candles are all out.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.1 40. Is this a dagger which I see before me,The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee.I have thee not, and yet I see thee still.Art thou not, fatal vision, sensibleTo feeling as to sight? or art thou butA dagger of the mind, a false creation,Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain?- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.1 41. Now oer the one half-worldNature seems dead.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.1 42. Thou sure and firm-set earth,Hear not my steps, which way they walk, for fearThy very stones prate of my whereabout.  -William Shakespeare,  Macbeth, 2.1 43. The bell invites me.Hear it not, Duncan; for it is a knellThat summons thee to heaven or to hell.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.1 44. That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold,What hath quenched them hath given me fire.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.2 45. It was the owl that shrieked, the fatal bellman,Which gives the sternst good-night.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.2 47. The attempt and not the deedConfounds us.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.2 48. Had he not resembledMy father as he slept I had donet.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.2 49. Wherefore could I not pronounce Amen?I had most need of blessing, and AmenStuck in my throat.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.2 50. Methought I heard a voice cry, Sleep no more!Macbeth does murder sleep! the innocent sleep,Sleep that knits up the ravelled sleave of care,The death of each days life, sore labors bath,Balm of hurt minds, great natures second course,Chief nourisher in lifes feast.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.2 51. Glamis hath murdered sleep, and there CawdorShall sleep no more, Macbeth shall sleep no more!- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.2 52. I am afraid to think what I have done;Look ont again I dare not.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.2 53. Infirm of purpose!- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.2 54. Tis the eye of childhoodThat fears a painted devil.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.2 55. Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this bloodClean from my hand? No, this my hand will ratherThe multitudinous seas incarnadine,Making the green one red.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.2 56. A little water clears us of this deed.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.2 57. Heres a knocking, indeed! If a man were porter of hell-gate he should have old turning the key. Knock, knock, knock! Whos there, i the name of Beelzebub? Heres a farmer that hanged himself on the expectation of plenty.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.3 58. This place is too cold for hell. Ill devil-porter it no further: I had thought to have let in some of all professions, that go the primrose way to the everlasting bonfire.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.3 59. Porter: Drink, sir, is a great provoker of three things. Macduff: What three things does drink especially provoke?Porter: Marry, sir, nose-painting, sleep, and urine. Lechery, sir, it provokes, and unprovokes; it provokes the desire, but it takes away the performance.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.3 60. The labor we delight in physics pain.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.3 61. The night has been unruly: where we lay,Our chimneys were blown down; and, as they say,Lamentings heard i the air; strange screams of death,And prophesying with accents terribleOf dire combustion and confused eventsNew hatched to the woeful time. The obscure birdClamored the livelong night: some say the earthWas feverous and did shake.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.3 62. Tongue nor heartCannot conceive nor name thee!- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.3 63. Confusion now hath made his masterpiece!Most sacrilegious murder hath broke opeThe Lords anointed temple, and stole thenceThe life o the building!- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.3 64. Shake off this downy sleep, deaths counterfeit,And look on death itself! up, up, and seeThe great dooms image!- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.3 65. Had I but lived an hour before this chance,I had lived a blessed time.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.3 66. Theres daggers in mens smiles.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.3 67. A falcon, towering in her pride of place,Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.4 68. Thriftless ambition, that wilt ravin upThine own lifes means!- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.4 69. Thou hast it now: King, Cawdor, Glamis, all,As the weird women promised; and, I fear,Thou playdst most foully fort.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.1 70. I must become a borrower of the nightFor a dark hour or twain.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.1 71. Let every man be master of his timeTill seven at night.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.1 72. Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown,And put a barren sceptre in my gripe,Thence to be wrenchd with an unlineal hand,No son of mine succeeding.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.1 73. First Murderer: We are men, my liege.Macbeth: Ay, in the catalogue ye go for men,As hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs,Shoughs, water-rugs, and demi-wolves are cliptAll by the name of dogs.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.1 74. Leave no rubs nor botches in the work.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.1 75. Lady Macbeth: Things without all remedyShould be without regard; whats done is done.Macbeth: We have scotched the snake, not killed it;Shell close and be herself, while our poor maliceRemains in danger of her former tooth.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.2 76. Duncan is in his grave;After lifes fitful fever he sleeps well:Treason has done his worst; nor steel, nor poison,Malice domestic, foreign levy, nothing,Can touch him further.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.2 Here are even more quotes from Macbeth, by William Shakespeare. 77. Ere the bat hath flownHis cloistered flight, ere, to black Hecates summonsThe shard-borne beetle with his drowsy humsHath rung nights yawning peal, there shall be doneA deed of dreadful note.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.2 78. Come, seeling night,Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day,And with thy bloody and invisible handCancel and tear to pieces that great bondWhich keeps me pale! Light thickens, and the crowMakes wing to the rooky wood;Good things of day begin to droop and drowse,Whiles nights black agents to their preys do rouse.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.2 79. Cancel and tear to pieces that great bondWhich keeps me pale! Light thickens, and the crowMakes wing to the rooky wood;Good things of day begin to droop and drowse,Whiles nights black agents to their preys do rouse.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.2 80. Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.2 81. The west yet glimmers with some streaks of day:Now spurs the lated traveller apaceTo gain the timely inn.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.3 82. But now I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound inTo saucy doubts and fears.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.4 83. Now, good digestion wait on appetite,And health on both!- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.4 84. Thou canst not say I did it; never shakeThy gory locks at me.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.4 85. What man dare, I dare:Approach thou like the rugged Russian bear,The armed rhinoceros, or the Hyrcan tiger,-Take any shape but that, and my firm nervesShall never tremble.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.4 86. Hence, horrible shadow!Unreal mockery, hence!- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.4 87. Stand not upon the order of your going,But go at once.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.4 88. Blood will have blood.William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.4 89. I am in bloodStepped in so far that, should I wade no more,Returning were as tedious as go oer.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.4 90. You lack the season of all natures, sleep.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 3.4 91. Round about the cauldron go;In the poisoned entrails throw.Toad, that under cold stoneDays and nights hast thirty-oneSweltered venom sleeping got,Boil thou first i the charmed pot.Double, double toil and trouble;Fire burn, and cauldron bubble.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.1 92. Eye of newt and toe of frog,Wool of bat and tongue of dog.Adders fork, and blind-worms sting,Lizards leg, and howlets wing,For a charm of powerful trouble,Like a hell-broth boil and bubble.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.1 93. Liver of blaspheming Jew,Gall of goat, and slips of yewSlivered in the moons eclipse,Nose of Turk, and Tartars lips,Finger of birth-strangled babeDitch-delivered by a drab,Make the gruel thick and slab.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.1 94. By the pricking of my thumbs,Something wicked this way comes.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.1 95. How now, you secret, black, and midnight hags!- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.1 96. A deed without a name.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.1 97. Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scornThe power of man, for none of woman bornShall harm Macbeth.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.1 98. Ill make assurance double sure,And take a bond of fate.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.1 99. Macbeth shall never vanquished be untilGreat Birnam wood to high Dunsinane hillShall come against him.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.1 100. The weird sisters.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.1. 101. When our actions do not,Our fears do make us traitors.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.2 102. He loves us not;He wants the natural touch.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.2 103. Son: And must they all be hanged that swear and lie?Lady Macduff: Every one.Son: Who must hang them?Lady Macduff: Why, the honest men.Son: Then the liars and swearers are fools, for there are liars and swearers enow to beat the honest men, and hang up them.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.2 104. Stands Scotland where it did?- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.3 105. Give sorrow words: the grief that does not speakWhispers the oer-fraught heart and bids it break.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.3 106. What, all my pretty chickens and their damAt one fell swoop?- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 4.3 107. Out, damned spot! out, I say!- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.1 108. Fie, my lord, fie! a soldier, and afeard?- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.1 109. Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him?- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.1 110. The Thane of Fife had a wife: where is she now?- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.1 111. All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.1 112. Whats done cannot be undone.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5. 1 113. Foul whisperings are abroad. Unnatural deedsDo breed unnatural troubles; infected mindsTo their deaf pillows will discharge their secrets;More needs she the divine than the physician.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.1 114. Now does he feel his titleHang loose about him, like a giants robeUpon a dwarfish thief.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.2 115. Till Birnam wood remove to Dunsinane,I cannot taint with fear.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.3 116. The devil damn thee black, thou cream-faced loon!Where gottst thou that goose look?- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.3 117. I have lived long enough: my way of lifeIs falln into the sere, the yellow leaf;And that which should accompany old age,As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends,I must not look to have; but in their steadCurses, not loud but deep, mouth-honor, breath,Which the poor heart would fain deny, and dare not.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.3 118. Canst thou not minister to a mind diseased,Pluck from the memory a rooted sorrow,Raze out the written troubles of the brain,And with some sweet oblivious antidoteCleanse the stuffed bosom of that perilous stuffWhich weighs upon the heart?- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.3 119. The patientMust minister to himself.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.3 Here are even more quotes from Macbeth, by William Shakespeare. 120. Throw physic to the dogs: Ill none of it.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5. 3 121. The cry is still, They come!- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.5 122. I have almost forgot the taste of fears.The time has been my senses would have cooledTo hear a night-shriek, and my fell of hairWould at a dismal treatise rouse and stirAs life were int: I have supped full with horrors;Direness, familiar to my slaughterous thoughts,Cannot once start me.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.5 123. To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,Creeps in this petty pace from day to dayTo the last syllable of recorded time,And all our yesterdays have lighted foolsThe way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!Lifes but a walking shadow, a poor playerThat struts and frets his hour upon the stageAnd then is heard no more: it is a taleTold by an idiot, full of sound and fury,Signifying nothing.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.5 124. I gin to be aweary of the sun,And wish the estate o the world were now undone.Ring the alarum-bell! Blow, wind! come, wrack!At least well die with harness on our back.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.5 125. Those clamorous harbingers of blood and death.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.6 126. I bear a charmed life.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5. 8 127. Macduff was from his mothers wombUntimely ripped.- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.7 128. Lay on, Macduff,And damned be him that first cries, Hold, enough!- William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5.8

Racism in society essays

Racism in society essays On Race Differences In Intelligence Research Should Be Done On Race Differences In Intelligence Should research be done on race differences in cognitive ability? The position that I have taken is, Yes, or to be more accurate, Yes, in accordance with .... Yes, in accordance with research that is justly motivated, ethically performed, and sufficiently communicated. Note that the requirements do not include: "and be pertinent to racial differences from a purely environmental perspective." I feel that research on racial differences should be done from any perspective that might grant us information on the subject matter. I also feel that the stated qualifications should apply to any research done on this topic. "Ignorance is never to be preferred to knowledge" (Harrington, 1990, p. 156). People have avoided the topic of racial differences for many reasons. Some people sense that racial differences are unpleasant matters not to be referred to in a polite society. Others tend to believe that such differences should be the object of appreciation and enjoyment, rather than of analysis. Some fear that discussing intelligence in accordance to race will promote racism. Others desire to understand the nature and origin of racial differences, sometimes out of curiosity, sometimes with the goal of changing (some of) them. For these people the research should be suitable. It is also important to take into consideration what research one wants to do on racial differences, and why one is interested. If this self-questioning leads to the belief that the research in mind is sensible and the motives pure, there is still the communication that needs to be considered. Communication to both the sensible nature of the research and the worthiness value of the intentions to an audience that may manifest in both a lack of education and paranoia. It is probably impo ...

A list of good problem solution essay topics for students

A list of good problem solution essay topics for students When writing problem solution essays, the primary concern of every student is to pick an interesting theme after careful thinking. Choose an issue and an effective way to solve it. Look for the one you’re enthusiastic about. Consider excellent problem solution essay topics and pick the one that comes with its practical solution or significant action plan. This choice may seem easy, but many students of every academic level face a number of challenges when making it. Keep reading this guide because it will provide helpful ways. ORDER SOLUTION ESSAY A list of useful examples If you find it hard to choose good problem solution essay topics, pay attention to such areas as sports, politics, family life, environment issues, government, technology, media school, and others. There’s a lot of information about them over the Internet. Use the following ideas  of essay writing for your inspiration. Themes for your problem solution paper about relationships How to stop bullying on social media platforms, Effective methods to deal with overbearing individuals, Face-to-face relationships vs texting in the world today, Understanding existing differences in cultures and races, How people can make a difference as a whole society. Transportation and driving Smoking while driving: quieting this bad habit, Training to be careful drivers: the necessary changes in current laws, How to encourage the inhabitants of your town to take public transportation, The best strategy to prevent deaths and DUI because of drunk driving, What is the fastest way to find the right route to a new place? Family life How parents should help teens avoid eating disorders and have a positive body image, Effective ways to increase the number of adopted kids, How families can teach money management to a child, Parents are responsible for their children’s obesity: what to do about that, Helping young people create a healthy family. Topics for a problem solution essay on poverty and social matters Address the need for support for homeless people in your community, How to put a stop to high teen pregnancy rates, Experiments with illegal drugs in high schools: ways to make it hard for teenagers to get their drug access, Rehabilitation process for prisoners to be functional members of the society, How to help victims of gun or family violence? Sports Children tend to train   hard at their young age: what to do about that, How colleges can get a good balance of athletics and education, How to increase attendance at sporting events, What to do to make your local sports team more effective, What games should sports networks cover? Other interesting problem solution essay topics for college students Effective tips that can help you improve your grades, How a long-distance relationship can work if you’re in different colleges, Simple ways for international education to become more affordable, How parents can give their kids freedom and let them show that they’re independent, How to stay in shape and balance your class studies? Find a solution to any issue Feel free to make a difference with this type of paper and write about something that really means to you. It should force readers to make a change. The call for action starts with your idea. That’s why you should for the problem solution essay topics that you feel passionate about (it’s a sure way to make a difference). Picking the subject you like is not the only factor that determines the future success of your piece of writing. Consider a few other pointers. Select a specific issue and stick to it. There are many themes to choose from, including terrorism, human rights, sexual trafficking, or unemployment, but your subject should neither be very narrow or too broad. Take a word count into consideration. Sticking to one specific question is a good idea. Your next step is stating a strong thesis that should be present in a final part of the introductory paragraph. It’s an assumption that you’ll further analyze in your paper. Look for reliable sources and make sure that you can find enough data to support and prove your thesis statement. The main body usually contains 3-5 paragraphs. Their number depends on your paper size. Every paragraph should analyze a separate point and all of your ideas must connect to each other in a logical manner. Avoid a common mistake of many students in the conclusion. You may find it logical to sum up everything in a concluding section to earn high grades and impress your teachers  with academic paper writing, but it’s necessary to try harder. The main thing that you should do when wrapping up your paper is to restate a thesis and prove that it’s right. It’s the whole point of writing it. Top characteristics of a good problem solution essay topic When looking for a perfect topic for your problem solution paper, consider these important characteristics: Providing an accurate indication of what you’ll say in the rest of your paper, Containing a controlling idea, Being easy and clear to follow, Not including any supporting details or evidence, Engaging target readers by using original vocabulary. Do you need additional help? Use the above-mentioned problem solution paper ideas as your helpful suggestions because they’ll inspire you while searching for a perfect subject. If you feel that this undertaking is difficult, don’t worry about anything because you can count on the online services of professional writers. It’s easy to contact them and place your order. ORDER SOLUTION ESSAY HERE Get expert assistance and turn to qualified specialists to be confident that your assignment and academic performance are in good hands. Let them relieve your workload and regular stress. The best part is that their high-quality services are affordable for every student.

A Framework for the Management of Oil Spillage Risks in Oil Dissertation - 1

A Framework for the Management of Oil Spillage Risks in Oil Exploration Programmes - Dissertation Example The aim of this paper is to develop a framework that will help the companies in order to control their oil spillage risks in oil exploration programs.  The objectives will be to investigate the nature of oil spillage risks; identify and summarize the existing understanding about oil spillage risk management; discover good practices in managing oil spillage risks and to provide a new framework that summarizes the findings and can be used further for managing oil spillage risks. Besides this, the paper has also focused on different methods used to manage the risk of oil spillage.  The oil industry is concerned with a long history of spills on the North Slope and the probability of future spills is high. Indeed, there has been an oil spillage once a day, on average, from the time when gas and oil development began on the North Slope. In order to make the subject worse, ocean currents move the chemicals and oil hundreds of miles. Further, in the Arctic Ocean, cleaning up oil spills w ould lead to enormous challenges. Suppression and recovery at sea hardly ever leads to the removal of more than a comparatively small fraction of a large oil spill, i.e. only 10-15% and often significantly less. Till date, no technology subsists in order to clean up oil in the sea ice circumstances and late-season spills would stay behind until the following year.  Oil spillage refers to an unintentional release of oil in a water body due to human activity and is regarded as form of pollution.  

Critique of the play OEDIPUS REX Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critique of the play OEDIPUS REX - Essay Example It is the prophecy on which, the story is based. It is linked to the topic of the paper, as it is the main prophecy. According to the prophecy told to Laius, the child who was born in Laius’s home was to kill his father at maturity and will regard this act as an accomplishment. Jocasta treated this prophecy as a lie told by the soothsayer as according to her knowledge, robbers killed her husband. This is again the prophecy that Oedipus listened before but Jocasta is not aware of the truth. This relates to the topic, as it is again a prophecy told a long time ago and matches Teiresias’s prophecy. Oedipus informs Jocasta about his wretchedness as according to a prophecy, it was in his fortune to be banished from his native land and stay away from his parents. He has to leave his beloved ones only because of a prophecy that told him that he would kill his father and marry his mother. This quotation is linked to the topic because it is again a prophecy due to which, Oedipus has to travel to another land by leaving his parents who have fostered him. It is this fear due to which, the prophecy comes out to be true. Oedipus laments on listening to the truth and speaks about his worsened state. He says that everything told to him is true and he is a cursed creature because his birth, his kingdom and his wedding, all were for his ill fate. He took birth with bad luck, killed his father and was involved in an incestuous relationship with his mother due to which, he thought that he is cursed trice. This quote is important for the story as it proves the prophecy to be true. This is related to the topic, as the prophecy mentioned earlier is proved true

Napoleon Bonaparte Essay -- Germany History Bonaparte essays

Napoleon Bonaparte The ideas of modern war can lead back to the 18th century during a certain campaign by a French military leader. This military leader was named Napoleon Bonaparte. He started a campaign against Western Europe that defined war and his strategies echoed throughout time up until the Second World War. His strategic plans were legendary up until his biggest mistake, which was invading Russia during its winter during the battles in the Waterloo Campaign.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before you can get into how he became a military genius you have breakdown how is life really was before his military career began. Napoleon was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on August 15th 1769 to Carlo Buonaparte, a lawyer and political opportunist, and his wife, Marie-Letizia Buonaparte. The Buonaparte's were a wealthy family from the Corsican nobility, although when compared to the great aristocracies of France Napoleon's kin were poor and pretentious. Due to his parents connections he was able to enter the Military academy in Brienne in 1779. He moved to the Parisian Ecole Royale Militaire in 1784 and graduated a year later as a second lieutenant in the Artillery. When the civil war broke out the Buonaparte’s fled to France and adopted the French version of their name Bonaparte. When the political situation in France flipped around, Napoleon was tried for treason, but if not for his roots in politics, he would have been executed but his families connection s saved him from death. In 1795 Napoleon became a hero again and helped fight the revolutionary forces off. As a result of that, he grew to be one of the most respected military leaders in France.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1796 Napoleon was given control of an Italian army which helped defeat Austria. After that campaign he returned to France as a bigger hero than he originally was, but had to leave in 1798 to Egypt and Syria in order to threaten England’s imperialistic rule in Africa. Napoleon and his army returned in the August of 1799. Shortly after he took part in the Brumaire coup of November 1799, finishing as a member of the Consulate, France's new ruling triumvirate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Novel by Robert M. Epstein, his military background was identified and how he planned his attacks were broken down so that the average person could understand them. He was the individual who introduced the ideas of modern warfare to the global affairs. The de... ...w warfare. Also since there was a new air force being used, there had to be certain precautionary measures to be taken in order to thwart off the planes, thus the birth of flak cannons. These shot shards of metal not the sky to shoot down the planes. Finally the most important piece of technology that was introduced in World War Two was the Hydrogen and Atomic Bombs; which were dropped over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. These two pieces of weaponry ended World War Two in the pacific front and in the world. Having Technology is was makes your Militaries, Navies, and Air forces modern, a strong battle plan is a great thing to have but that doesn’t make warfare modern. This is what gave certain forces the advantage over their opponents. Weaponry kills people, not the plans themselves. To have a significant advantage over your opponent is what conquering is all about, and that is what new advancements did. Even though Napoleon was a military genius and developed new theories on war, they didn’t make war fare modern, technology did. Bibliography Napoleon's Last Victory and the Emergence of Modern War, Epstein, Robert M. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. N.p.: University P of Kansas, June.

17th Century Venetian Opera

Lauren Rader Music History I November 19, 2010 17th Century Opera in Venice Between 1637 and 1678, in nine different theaters, Venetian audiences saw more than 150 operas. The creation of public opera houses sparked the interest of the people of the time because of social and philosophical changes that were happening in the Republican state of Venice. Opera was not only interesting to the elite. It had now made its way to a public audience. The primary audience was the crowd of Venetians and tourists that came for the carnival season in Venice.Opera succeeded as a public art form for many reasons: because of its exquisite musicality, it was highly successful and it became a way to produce revenue. Ellen Rosand says that three conditions existed for opera to be a permanent establishment in the Venetian culture: there was regular demand during the carnival season, dependable financial backing, and a broad predictable audience. An important group involved with the financial backing and librettos written for the opera houses were the Accademia degli Incogniti, translating to â€Å"The Academy of Unknowns†. This was a secret society of noblemen, founded by Giovanni Francesco Loredano.One reason opera was such a success during this time was due to this libertine group. Even though their ideas were bold and they said heretical things, without their financial backing, their librettos may have never made it to the opera houses if they hadn’t been in Venice at that time. Also, women were expected to exhibit certain social and moral standards during this time, and this was often the theme of many librettos written by the Accademia degli Incogniti from 1637-1678. The librettos were themed around virtues where a protagonist exemplified an act of goodness in her role.Another important factor about Venetian opera was that before the San Cassiano opera house, operas had been written for private courts of the wealthy aristocrats only. Public opera houses marked a new form of social event, entertainment, and source of revenue for musicians, writers/poets, and wealthy benefactors. Venice was a republican state and the government was considerably more open to new ideas and conventions than the rest of Italy, cities like Florence and Rome. Venice was a state with its own special position in the world and history that integrated freedom and stability. The great myth of Venice was that it was an undefeated state.The people claimed that the city was founded on the day of Annunciation on March 25, 421. Since that time no one had defeated Venice, and by the 17th Century it had lasted longer than ancient Rome. Scholars believe that this was because of its republican constitution allowing the noblemen to share the power and divide it among themselves. The wealthy were about 5% of the population, but the common people were pleased with this way of government and lived happily without too much complaint. [1] Venice’s government was more relaxed an d open, and that had much to do with what was allowed and not allowed in the public opera houses of the time.Another fact that is important to note is that the ruling patricians (noblemen) were involved in commerce and the arts—eventually opera. According to Edward Muir, â€Å"At the end of the sixteenth century, the camerata theorists under Medici patronage invented the form of musical drama now called â€Å"opera† for performance in the courtly environment of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany† (Muir 331). The opening of the Teatro San Cassiano marked the first public opera house for a paying audience. There was a divided relationship between patrician youth and the elderly patrician office holders.While the youth were licentious, the older generation had an impulse for social control. [2] The old law passed by the Council of Ten prohibited theatrical performances that were for carnivals and weddings, especially banning comedies. The Accademia degli Incogniti probably retrieved some of their ideas from the Compagnie della Calza, a club of young nobles â€Å"known for their hedonism and pushing the limits of their elders† (Muir 334), created at the end of the 16th century. The Compangie protected their identity through a code of silence. They used surnames, much like the Accademia degli Incogniti would do a century and a half later.Nonetheless, secret organizations were a way to avoid public persecution and harassment, while still speaking out on controversial issues. A young playwright, Ruzante, played characters that made fun of and criticized the upper class. To this end, Ruzante wrote a play where one critic complained that he exceeded the boundaries of taste: â€Å"completely lascivious, with very dirty words, and God was blasphemed by all of them, and [the audience] shrieked at them†(Muir 334). This relationship between cutting edge and tradition continued to be a prevalent issue into the time of Venetian opera in the 1600s.A distinguishing feature of new theaters was â€Å"the inclusion of several floors of boxes that provided elevated, separated, and private spaces from with paying customers, apparently patricians and distinguished foreigners could watch performances† (Muir 335). From his book, â€Å"The Short, Lascivious Lives of Two Venetian Theaters†. Eugene Johnson, talks about box seats creating a feeling of premier social space that was private but at the same time public. Yet, Venetians soon started to use these box seats as modern day motel rooms; â€Å"the box itself became a stage for imagination and metaphor for the libertine style†(Muir 335).The box seats were called plachi. The Jesuits complained almost immediately that these â€Å"wicked acts†¦creating scandal† in the plachi were immoral and provided another reason to promote their anti-theater cause. There is no real evidence of these scandalous acts taking place, but accounts say that boxes read on the f loor â€Å"per le donne†. During these obscene comedies, obscene acts were taking place at the same time on the other side of the thin wooden box seats; for Venetian theater was full of scandal.In 1606, Antonio Persis wrote in defense of the papal cause, criticizing the Venetians for their â€Å"addiction to avarice and luxuria† (Rosand 412). He said that the theaters were luxaria, and because of his account, the Jesuits destroyed the theaters in Venice. On the other hand, the Jesuits were then banned from Venice in late 1606 by the Interdict crisis, which opened up the opportunity again for seasonal comic theater. Even before opera, Venetians held a long standing tradition for carnivals, comedies, courtesans, and scandal. However, the politics in Venice â€Å"remained simply conservative and committed to republicanism† (Muir 337).Although, opera was comic and touched on social context of men and women, â€Å"[it] had the capacity to engage current political af fairs and debates† (Romano 402). In Purciello’s thesis from Princeton University, he talks about opera standing in contrast with the religious and economic ambiguity â€Å"amidst the spectacle and festivities of the carnival season. Venice was a port center where â€Å"people from the four corners of the world convened. This mix of cultures produced a rather exotic atmosphere: a combination of Christian and pagan religious histories.All sorts of audiences, rich and poor, swarmed to public opera houses to experience spectacle, music, and drama. Venice was a city where commercial business was thriving, which resulted in mass productions of entertainment (Purciello 11). Opera houses repeated operas a season by altering the music of libretti, characters wearing new costumes, and reinforcing popular plot lines. Musicians and talent were not usually local Venetian musicians. They were traveling tour groups, who performed all over Italy and Europe. Yet, the musicians knew th e unique character Venice required for its music, and how it differed in performance practice.Venetian opera was centered on spectacle: The use of stage machinery caused an increase in the number and elaborateness of scene change; but this is because there were whole stories told in the sets and the machinery, much of which is lost to the scholar today, who has little ability to reconstruct the stage scenery, and must rely on the libretti and the score† (Thornburn 183). Set design was crucial to the success of an opera. Part of the carnival atmosphere was seeing something extravagant and out of the ordinary. Venetian opera was the epitome of the kind of luxurious and complex entertainment.Theaters prided themselves and showed of how much money they had by buying costly machinery. One way to move the scenes, backdrops, and other stage devices was to cut holes in the floor and slide the set along the grooves for smooth scene transitions. Before this invention, the operas would u se dances to distract the audience from a scene change (Thornburn). The man who invented this idea was stage director, Giacomo Torelli: â€Å"he cut grooves all the way through the stage from the floor, and wings were mounted on little carriages that ran along the tracks located in the sub-stage area.Wings, back scenes, and borders were then operated by means of a winch system with counter weights. Thus, with the turning of a central drum beneath the stage, the entire scene changed almost instantaneously† (Thornburn 175). There was a large contrast from the way scenes were changed before Torelli’s invention. In the Cambridge Guide to Theatre it says that the scene changes were like â€Å"cinema dissolves† and unnecessary shifts between scenes were made for the delight of seeing it happen.Besides the stage machinery’s functional use, â€Å"in the same way the contemporary action films may have thin plots because the visual technology is so powerful, so th ese works must have overwhelmed to beauty of line in either the music or the poetry† (Thornburn 176). Starting in 1637 opera houses began to open as large scale venues. The four major theaters open in Venice were the San Cassiano, San Moise, San Salvatore, and Santi Giovanni e Paolo. Most of these opera houses seated anywhere from four to five hundred spectators.The Teatro Novissimo was â€Å"the shortest-lived and most influential theatre in the early years of Venetian commercial opera, opened for the carnival season of 1641† (Thorburn). The Novissimo presented operas from 1641 to 1645. There has been some debate as to when the theater actually stopped presenting operas. Cristoforo Ivanovich claims that there were operas going on until 1646, up until the day the theater was completely demolished. â€Å"In spite of its brief life†¦ the theater was atypical of opera theaters in Venice because it was intended for an audience that was entirely Venetian†(Thornbu rn 136).In a dissertation by Hugh Thornburn, he says that audience members who regularly attended the Novissimo were academic and aware of their intelligence, and they prided themselves in participating in the opera culture. However, they were not able to pay for their interest, hence the reason for the Teatro Novissimo closing. The Jesuit-driven ban on public theater was removed in 1607, so theatrical activity was increasing by the 1620s. By the 1630s the movement for more opera houses as a form of public entertainment was in full swing. The Venetian carnival season was the most important time of the year in Venice.Opera served as carnival entertainment, â€Å"a form of ribald and often satirical comedy performed during the annual season of festive license† (Muir 333). Spectacle was one attraction the opera house brought to the carnival season. However, there were social issues, involving mixed views on gender and how women fit into the role of opera libretti during the seve nteenth century. Once opera theater became accepted as a part the Venetian carnival season, Gianfrancesco Loredano founded the Accademia degli Incogniti in 1630. This association was made up of men who had liberal ideas, who were either rich aristocrats or scholars.The Accademia â€Å"on May 30, 1640 agreed to the concept of a communally owned theater created to express the aesthetics of the Accademia† (Thorburn 134). The Accademia was founded on the principles of a professor who taught at the University of Padua, Cesare Cremonini. Cremonini’s influence spread to his students who were in the Accademia degli Incogniti very powerfully. He taught in a way that adhered to Aristotle’s work and he paid little attention to â€Å"Christian theological precepts†, like the creation of the world and the immorality of the soul.He did not admit that he was a non-believer, but his â€Å"somewhat blasphemous views were well known to his Venetian admirers. The members o f the Incogniti expressed themselves through novella, poems, letters, and plays. Paolo Fabbri lays claim that the Incognito legacy used â€Å"eroticism and trasvestism in the operas†. The Incogniti used opera libretti and their writings as propaganda. The opera audiences were large, so the propaganda could reach many people who came to the carnival season. The Incogniti had a duel identity.First of all they were patriotic, since they were noble men and leaders of the Republic. In contrast, they also â€Å"emphasized a kind of libertismo, a moral freedom that was particularly skeptical of religious authority† (Heller 69). The members of this group had a very keen interest in defining the social structures that supported the stability of Venice; â€Å"a critical aspect of this social structure depended on the†¦position of women†: their suppression through marriage, while at the same time the â€Å"tolerance of a vibrant sex and pleasure industry†. 3] I ncogniti writings focused on women and their sexuality. They hypothesized â€Å"the female problem† which said that the fundamental problem of love and female morality was that it did not exist unless men were there to silence women and instruct them as how to love them. Cremonini taught that â€Å"friendship was something that could be shared by men of similar social and economic class; with women, the focus was on sexual relationships, and only rarely did male writers concern themselves with friendships between women† (Heller 75). The Incogniti wrote libretti that reflected these claims about women.For example, in Loredano’s play La forza d’amore it was clear that the general attitude towards women was negative and skeptical, much like the way the Incogniti viewed the Catholic Church. The Incogniti wrote about their admiration and physical desire for women, but also criticized the power women had to capture the hearts and souls of men. Conversely, there were women who spoke up against the Accademia. One of these women was Sister Arcangela Tarabotti. She wrote seven manuscripts defending female virtue and chastity, and exchanged letters with Loredano and other members of the Incogniti.She â€Å"exposed many complaints about the Venetian patriarchy and the social system whereby young women were forced to bury themselves in nunneries†(Heller 93). Consequently women were portrayed as venomous, unfaithful, and temptresses who couldn’t be trusted in the operas written by the Accademia degli Incogniti. During this time of Baroque opera, visual and aural spectacle were expected, and â€Å"emphasis on suspense and exaggeration was an ideal vehicle for the conveyance of cultural messages†(Heller 69). There was a demand for fresh works because the opera was the primary entertainment during the carnival season in Venice.Some common themes for these operas were: two pairs of lovers separated then united at the end; scenes of sleep, laments, nurses and pages who were comic roles; and a clear distinction between recitative and arias (Rosand 415). The genre of Venetian opera was successful because aristocrats in the Republican government were involved in the arts and put forth the money to run opera houses.

Gideon Mantell - Profile of the Famous Paleontologist

Name: Gideon Mantell Born/Died: 1790-1852 Nationality: British Dinosaurs Named: Iguanodon, Hylaeosaurus About Gideon Mantell Trained as an obstetrician, Gideon Mantell was inspired to hunt for fossils by the example of Mary Anning (who unearthed the remains of an ichthyosaur in 1811, on the English coast). In 1822, Mantell (or his wife; the details are murky on this point) discovered strange, giant teeth in the county of Sussex. Intrigued, Mantell showed the teeth to various authorities, one of whom, Georges Cuvier, initially dismissed them as belonging to a rhinoceros. Shortly thereafter, it was established beyond any dispute that the teeth were left by an ancient reptile, which Gideon named Iguanodon--the first example in history of a dinosaur fossil being discovered, analyzed, and assigned a specific genus. Although hes best known for Iguanodon (which he initially wanted to name Iguanasaurus), Mantell specialized in Englands late Cretaceous fossil deposits, which yielded the remains of numerous (non-dinosaur) animals and plants. In fact, one of his limited-edition books, The Geology of Sussex, received a terse bit of fan mail from none other thank King George IV: His majesty is pleased to command that his name should be placed at the head of the subscription list for four copies. Sadly for Mantell, after his discovery of Iguanodon, the rest of his life was anticlimactic: in 1838, he was forced by poverty to sell his fossil collection to the British Museum, and after a long illness he committed suicide in 1852. Weirdly, one of Mantells paleontological rivals, Richard Owen, got hold of Mantells pickled spine after his death and displayed it in his museum! (Owen--the coiner of the word dinosaur who never gave Mantell the credit he deserved--is also believed to have written an anonymous, damning obituary of Mantell after the latters death, which didnt prevent a future paleontologist from naming a genus in his honor, Mantellisaurus.)